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Papers On Chemistry
Page 5 of 12
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Early Photography: The Calotype
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(7pp) The base of a calotype negative, rather than
the glass or film to which we have become
accustomed, was high quality writing paper. The
sheet of paper was carefully selected to have a
smooth and uniform texture and, wherever possible,
to avoid the watermark. It was offered as the
chief alternative to the Daguerreotype and was more
popular with amateur photographers, artists, and
scientists, who used it widely, since the negative
could be corrected with pencil.
Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBcalotp.doc
Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on G Proteins
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This 12 page
report discusses the effects of volatile (inhalation) anesthetics
on G-proteins. G proteins are a key to the chemical “switches”
that get take place in order to communicate messages in the body.
As the receptors react, they change shape which then allows for
the G protein to also change. It releases the a GDP molecule and
grabs onto a related molecule called GTP. Having attached the
GTP to itself, it then acts on membrane processes such as enzymes
and ion channels. That process then results in a new “messenger”
molecule -- cyclic AMP. An 'enzymatic cascade' then takes place
because the AMP causes a protein reaction. A literature review is
included that outlines a number of the projects regarding the
subject that have been undertaken in the past decade.
Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: BWvolane.rtf
Energy Transfer in Cells
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This 5 page paper considers energy transfer in cells. The writer looks at the process, defining what is meant by energy and how it can be seen as a two way function of energy transformation. The writer includes consideration of the Laws of Thermodynamics, the role of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and metabolic pathways. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEcellen.wps
Enzymes and the Krebs Cycle
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A 5 page paper discussing enzymes at their most basic
level. Comprised of amino acids, enzymes are the catalysts of myriad biochemical reactions. In keeping with the true nature of catalysts, they accelerate and enable reactions without being materially affected themselves. The second section of the paper presents a diagram of the Krebs or citric acid cycle. Taking place in the mitochondria of the cell, the citric acid cycle is the last in a series of steps that convert 'food' into 'energy.' Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSenzyme.wps
Equilibrium and Drinking Water Purification
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A 5 page exploration of the chemical factors that facilitate the use of reverse osmosis to purify drinking water. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: PPosmosisReverseSaltWater.rtf
Factors Affecting Stomatal Opening
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This 14 page paper looks at the different factors that influence stomatal opening and how these factors are seen as a biochemical level. The paper outlines the environmental factors that create or inhibit the stomatal opening and then examines the role of guard cells and the way they may open and close the aperture and the way that the actions of the guard cells may be adjusted. The bibliography cites 7 sources.
Filename: TEstomat.rtf
Food and Freezing
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A 4 page paper which discusses the changes food goes through during the freezing process. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAfoodf.rtf
Food Colorings
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A 5 page paper discussing the use, origins and controversy of food color additives. The visual appeal of attractive food is too well established to believe that the FDA will make any real effort to remove food coloring agents from its list of approved additives. The product class can be expected to continue to be important, particularly in prepared foods. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: KSfoodColor.rtf
Fuel Cell Technology
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A 22 page paper that provides a comprehensive overview of fuel cell technology. Discussion includes: an introduction to fuel cells, what they are, how they work and the types of fuel cells in research; applications for fuel cell technology, including those that are already in use; fuel cell-powered motor vehicles and what the progress is in this industry, including manufacturers who have already introduced fuel cell-powered cars and the forecasts for the near future; issues concerning hydrogen; problems and disadvantages with fuel cells and a conclusion. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGfuelcl.rtf
Gate-Induced Superconductivity in a Solution Processed Organic Polymer Film
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This 8 page paper provides an overview of an article on gate-induced superconductivity in a solution processed organic polymer film. The researchers recognized that considerable research has been conducted in recent years regarding the best options for low-cost replacements for conventional metals and other semiconductors. They outline their own research study, and this paper also shows some conflicts that arose from this study. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: MHGateIn.rtf
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